Behavior Modification: Principles and Procedures (6th Edition)

Chapter 26

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Do ; Behavior refers to the way an individual ... more

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Physical ; Behavior has an influence on the ... more

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1. Analyses ; Below are the two goals of behavior ... more

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Excess ; Behavioral excess refers to when an ... more

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Deficit ; Behavioral deficit refers to the low ... more

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Dimensions ; The dimensions of behavior are ... more

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Psychologist I.P demonstrated the phenomenon of ... more

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John B. Watson ; Psychologist J.B W established ... more

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Overt ; Overt behaviors are behaviors that can be ... more

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Covert ; The word ‘covert’ refers to being covered... more

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Behavior ; A behavior is defined as an action ... more

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Frequency ; The following dimensions of behavior ... more

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Behavior modification ; Behavior modification is ... more

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Excess ; Behavioral excess refers to those ... more

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deficit ; The behavioral deficit is when a ... more

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behaviorism ; The theoretical framework that ... more

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law of effect ; The psychologist demonstrated the ... more

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B. F Skinner ; The psychologist conducted ... more

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An overt behavior can be understood as an act that... more

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A covert behavior can be understood as the actions... more

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what people do and say ; Behavior can be ... more

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In behavioral psychology, a behavioral excess is a... more

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A behavioral deficit is an act whose occurrence is... more

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Duration is a dimension of behavior that indicates... more

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a teacher hitting a student ; Overt behavior is a ... more

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perceiving an abstract image ; Covert behaviors ... more

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Edward L. Thorndike ; Psychologist E.T ... more

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Ivan P. Pavlov ; Through an experiment on an ... more

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direct ; Direct behavior recording or assessment ... more

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target behaviour ; Target behavior refers to the ... more

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Behavioral definition ; A behavioral definition ... more

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Inter-observer agreement [IOA]  ; In behavior ... more

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Observation period ; An observation period is ... more

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A recording of the number of times a specific ... more

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When the time spent on behavior, from the ... more

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Latency is one of the characteristics of behavior ... more

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Consecutive ; Interval recording is a type of ... more

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Reactivity ; Reactivity is a condition in which a ... more

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Direct ; In direct assessment, a target behavior ... more

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Indirect ; Indirect recording and assessment of ... more

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Frequency of a behavior refers to the number of ... more

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Time sample ; During an observation period, the ... more

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Interval ; In interval recording, a behavior is ... more

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Reactivity often leads to a change in the behavior... more

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real-time recording ; One of the methods of ... more

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time-sample recording ; In time-sample recording, ... more

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Interval recording ; In interval recording, the ... more

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Product recording ; In product recording, behavior... more

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Frequency ; Frequency recording refers to the ... more

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Duration ; A recording procedure in which a target... more

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Intensity    ; Continuous recording is a type of ... more

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Latency ; Recording the latency of a behavior is ... more

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Time sample ; The time sample recording is a type ... more

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Interval ; In the interval recording method, the ... more

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Product  ; Product recording is a behavioral ... more

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Behavioral recording can bring about certain ... more

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Real-time recording ; Real-time recording is a ... more

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The direct method of behavior recording involves ... more

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Graph ; Graphs are diagrammatic tools used to ... more

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Y-axis ; A graph has two axes: y-axis (also called... more

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X-axis ; There are two arms of a graph- the ... more

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baseline, treatment. ; A-B design is a simple ... more

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There is no replication of results. ; In the A-B ... more

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The instance states the use of an A-B-A-B research... more

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Settings  ; In a multiple-baseline-across-settings... more

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Changing criterion design ; The changing criterion... more

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Subjects ; The multiple-baseline-across-subjects ... more

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Behaviors ; In a multiple-baseline-across-... more

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The y-axis of the graph shows the level of ... more

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The x-axis or the horizontal axis depicts the time... more

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Baseline ; The A-B design of representation is one... more

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Functional relationship ; A functional ... more

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A-B-A-B reversal ; An A-B-A-B reversal design is ... more

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Staggered ; In a multiple-baseline-across-subjects... more

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Alternating-treatments design ; In this research ... more

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Behaviors ; The purpose of the multiple-baseline-... more

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Settings ; A multiple-baseline-across-settings ... more

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A-B research ; The A-B research design is not ... more

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Behavior ; A behavior is a response exhibited by ... more

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Number of days ; The x-axis represents the unit of... more

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A-B design ; The A-B design is used to represent ... more

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Functional relationship ; A functional ... more

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Is not ; A true research design demonstrates a ... more

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A-B-A-B reversal ; In the A-B-A-B reversal ... more

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A-B-A-B reversal ; In the A-B-A-B reversal ... more

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In cases where two or more behaviors of the same ... more

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When behavior modification involves the same ... more

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When the same behavior in two or more subjects is ... more

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Operant ; Operant behavior is one that is shaped ... more

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High exposure to a reinforcer after the exhibition... more

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Negative ; The process of reinforcement is an ... more

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Negative ; Negative reinforcement occurs when an ... more

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The following factors affect the effectiveness of ... more

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conditioned ; Reinforcers can be classified into ... more

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Concurrent schedules of reinforcement ; A person ... more

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CRF [continuous reinforcement schedule] ; A ... more

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VR (variable ratio) ; Variable ratio [VR] is a ... more

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FI [fixed interval] ; In a fixed interval schedule... more

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Reinforcer ; Operant behavior is always followed ... more

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The presentation or removal of a reinforcer ... more

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Negative ; Negative reinforcement occurs when a ... more

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Positive ; Positive reinforcement involves ... more

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Negative ; Negative reinforcement occurs when an ... more

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Acquisition ; Acquisition occurs when a person ... more

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Aversive ; Reinforcements can be positive and ... more

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Involved in strengthening behavior ; An operant ... more

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FR (fixed ratio) ; In the reinforcement procedure ... more

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VI (variable interval) ; Reinforcements strengthen... more

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Reinforcement  ; Every behavior leads to a ... more

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When a behavioral response is followed by a ... more

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There are different schedules of reinforcement ... more

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More ; Deprivation in behavioral psychology refers... more

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Less ; When the same reinforcer is delivered as a ... more

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The similarity between negative and positive ... more

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Aversive stimulus ; Negative reinforcement is used... more

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reinforcer ; Reinforcement refers to the method ... more

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Checking the phone to receive messages throughout ... more

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An individual receives reinforcement on the basis ... more

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Stops occurring. ; Extinction is a process in ... more

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Frequency  ; Extinction burst is a phenomenon in ... more

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reinforcer ; Extinction refers to the process of ... more

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Aversive stimulus ; Extinction refers to the ... more

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Spontaneous recovery ; A behaviour is said to be ... more

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Novel behavior and emotional responses can occur ... more

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An individual’s actions  are ignored when they are... more

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Less ; In the case of continuous reinforcement, ... more

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When a child throws tantrums upon entering a store... more

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By not providing the desirable stimulus of Item C... more

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Is no longer reinforced ; Extinction is a process ... more

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Extinction burst ; Extinction burst is a ... more

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Positively ; In a positively reinforced behavior, ... more

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Negatively ; When the extinction procedure is used... more

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The behavior that was previously eliminated can be... more

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Novel ; Extinction burst is a phenomenon in which ... more

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Reinforcement for the behavior ; Extinction refers... more

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More ; Continuous reinforcement involves providing... more

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The child’s crying is strengthened by the removal ... more

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To eliminate the crying behavior, the mother could... more

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Extinction is a behavioral procedure which ... more

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Increases  ; An extinction burst can be described ... more

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No longer delivered ; A behavior is said to be ... more

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No longer removed ; Negative reinforcement of a ... more

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Spontaneous recovery ; Extinction is the process ... more

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Extinction burst refers to a phenomenon where a ... more

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Reinforcement schedule ; The weakening and ... more

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When continuous reinforcement is applied to a ... more

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Positive reinforcement of behavior takes place ... more

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In applied behavior analysis, extinction refers to... more

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Less  ; Punishment is a concept in behavioral ... more

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Punisher/Aversive stimulus ; A punisher can be ... more

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Added or delivered ; Positive punishment involves ... more

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Positive ; Positive punishment is a kind of ... more

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a) removing ; Negative punishment involves ... more

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no ; A conditioned punisher [CP] is a type of ... more

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Establishing operations ; Establishing operations... more

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Conditioned punisher [CP] is a type of punishing ... more

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Unconditioned punisher[UP] is a naturally aversive... more

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negative ; Punishment is an immediate consequence ... more

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punishment ; In behavioral psychology, punishment ... more

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Removed ; Punishment is a process that reduces the... more

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Negative ; Negative punishment means the removal ... more

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Extinction, negative punishment ; Extinction is ... more

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Conditioned ; When a previously neutral stimulus ... more

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Unconditioned ; Primary stimuli are naturally ... more

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More ; Observation and experience are strong ... more

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Less ; For punishment to be effective, the ... more

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Negatively ; Punishment is too often misused or ... more

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One of the disadvantages of using punishment as a ... more

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Decreases ; Punishment can be understood as any ... more

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Aversive stimulus ; Positive punishment involves ... more

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Reinforcing stimulus ; Negative punishment ... more

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Positive punishment takes place when an ... more

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In positive reinforcement, a consequence is ... more

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Discriminative stimulus ; A discriminative ... more

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S-delta ; In operant conditioning, any stimulus ... more

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Stimulus control ; Stimulus control is the ... more

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One can develop stimulus control through stimulus ... more

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Discriminative stimulus [SD]ResponseReinforcer ; ... more

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Stimulus discrimination training ; Stimulus ... more

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A toddler exhibits crying and screaming behavior ... more

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The S-delta for the child’s screaming behavior is ... more

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A reinforcer can be defined as a stimulus or an ... more

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Positive reinforcement can be defined as the ... more

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Reinforced ; A discriminative stimulus [SD] is a ... more

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When a particular behavior is reinforced in the ... more

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Stimulus control ; Stimulus control can be ... more

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S-delta ; Through stimulus discrimination training... more

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Generalization ; When a particular behavior takes ... more

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An individual engages in stealing behavior ... more

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A high school student engages in stealing items ... more

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Discriminative stimulus [SD] is a stimulus in the ... more

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S-delta refers to any stimulus in the presence of ... more

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Generalization refers to the tendency of an ... more

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Not reinforced. ; S-delta is the stimulus in the ... more

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A strategy that aids the learning of behavior in ... more

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Stimulus discrimination training ; Stimulus ... more

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Discriminative stimulus or SD ; The discriminative... more

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similar ; Generalization refers to reflections of ... more

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In the presence of a stimulus delta [S-delta], ... more

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The presence of a discriminative stimulus [SD] ... more

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The process of increasing the probability of ... more

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Generalization ; The concept of ‘generalization’ ... more

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Responding to the teacher only when a question is ... more

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Respondent ; Respondent conditioning is also known... more

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Unconditioned stimulus ; An unconditioned stimulus... more

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Neutral stimulus ; In classical conditioning, a ... more

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Whenever there is a loud noise, people tend to ... more

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Simultaneous conditioning is a type of respondent ... more

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Respondent conditioning is a method of learning ... more

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In respondent conditioning, a response-generating ... more

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Consequences ; In operant conditioning, an ... more

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Unconditioned response ; The unconditioned ... more

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Conditioned response [CR] ; Learning occurs when a... more

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Increased heartbeat and dry mouth ; The autonomic ... more

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Trace conditioning is a form of procedure used in ... more

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Precedes ; In respondent conditioning, the neutral... more

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Startle response/autonomic arousal ; On seeing a ... more

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US [unconditioned stimulus] ; Neutral stimulus [NS... more

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Unconditioned stimulus [US] ; Unconditioned ... more

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After frequent associations with the US [... more

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Unconditioned response[UR]  ; Unconditional ... more

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Conditioned stimulus [CS] ; A conditioned stimulus... more

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Conditioned response ; A conditioned response [CR... more

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In respondent conditioning, a conditioned response... more

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Conditioned stimulus ; A neutral stimulus [NS] has... more

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Conditioned stimulus ; In respondent extinction, ... more

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A child hears a tiger roar during a visit to the ... more

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Successive approximation ; Shaping involves ... more

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Starting behavior ; To achieve a target behavior, ... more

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Reinforcement strengthens appropriate behavior ... more

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A conditioned reinforcer is reinforcing because of... more

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Conditioned   ; A conditioned reinforcer serves as... more

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A novel or a new topography.  ; Shaping helps ... more

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previously exhibited ; Shaping can be used to ... more

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Dimensions ; Shaping can be used to modify or ... more

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modeling ; Shaping is applied to change an ... more

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Shaping is not the correct behavior modification ... more

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Differential reinforcement ; Shaping helps develop... more

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successive approximations ; Shaping is the process... more

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babbling ; Shaping is the process of developing a ... more

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immediately ; An event is associated with an ... more

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satiation ; A neutral stimulus is paired with an ... more

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The shaping method is adopted to develop the ... more

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is not ; Shaping can be applied for the following... more

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Differential reinforcement [DR] is a method of ... more

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shaping ; Shaping deals with the development of ... more

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Successive approximation ; Shaping is a method of ... more

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Target behavior ; The target behavior is the ... more

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The initial action of the animal to achieve the ... more

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conditioned ; A neutral stimulus is associated ... more

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Shaping is a strategy that helps develop a novel ... more

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Shaping has proven effective in re-establishing a ... more

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Shaping is a strategy that can help an individual ... more

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Shaping technique is applied to acquire a focused/... more

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Shaping can be avoided if a behavior can be ... more

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Verbal prompting is used for instructing an ... more

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A modeling prompt refers to the demonstration of ... more

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The two kinds of stimulus prompts are as follows:... more

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Fading ; Fading refers to the gradual step-by-step... more

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Response prompts can be categorized into the ... more

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Natural stimulus control ; Stimulus control is a ... more

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Wait for a certain number of seconds ; In the ... more

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Stimulus fading ; Stimulus fading is the gradual ... more

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When another hint or stimulus is added to the ... more

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Fading refers to the slow elimination of prompts ... more

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Prompts ; Prompt is a supplemental stimulus that ... more

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Response prompts ; Response prompts utilize the ... more

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Stimulus prompt ; A stimulus prompt involves ... more

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Response prompts are of the following four kinds:... more

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Physical prompt is considered to be the most ... more

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Verbal prompts are considered to be the least ... more

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Stimulus prompts are of two types:Within-stimulus ... more

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Transfer stimulus control ; Transfer of stimulus ... more

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Stimulus fading refers to the process of the ... more

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After presenting the discriminative stimulus, the ... more

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After ; When a learner is unable to display the ... more

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Gestural  ; Gestural prompts are response prompts ... more

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Physical  ; Physical prompt is a type of response ... more

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Gradually  ; Prompts are provided after a ... more

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Prompt  ; Stimulus control refers to the process ... more

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Prompt delay ; In prompt delay, the stimulus is ... more

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Different ways through which stimulus control [... more

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Prompts ; A prompt is used for facilitating the ... more

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Least-to-most prompting and fading ; Least-to-most... more

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The different kinds of response prompts are:Verbal... more

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Behavioral chain ; A complex behavior consists of ... more

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Stimulus-response chain ; A stimulus is required ... more

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Discriminative stimulus [SD] ; A behavioral chain ... more

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Task analysis ; Task analysis refers to the ... more

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Last ; In backward chaining, the stimulus-response... more

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First ; In forward chaining, the stimulus-response... more

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Backward chaining [BC] and forward chaining [FC] ... more

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Total task presentation ; The method of total task... more

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Graduated guidance ; Graduated guidance is a ... more

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Picture prompts ; Picture prompt is a visual ... more

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Stimulus ; A behavioral chain is a sequence of ... more

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Behavioral chain ; A behavioral chain encompasses ... more

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Response ; Task analysis is a process in which a ... more

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Conditioned reinforcer ; Conditioned reinforcers ... more

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The three methods to perform task analysis [TA] ... more

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Backward ; Backward chaining involves breaking ... more

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Shadowing ; Shadowing refers to the practice of ... more

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Written task analysis ; Written task analysis ... more

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The procedure used for making a learner perform ... more

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Picture prompts use pictures pertaining to ... more

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Stimulus and response ; In task analysis, the ... more

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Backward chaining ; The method of backward ... more

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Forward chaining ; Forward chaining helps learners... more

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Total task presentation ; Total task presentation ... more

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Total task presentation ; Total task presentation ... more

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Pick up a handle ; Every stimulus-response chain ... more

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Handle in hand ; In a stimulus-response chain, the... more

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Handle on the metal rod ; In a stimulus-response ... more

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In backward chaining, the learner is first taught ... more

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In forward chaining, the entire task is learnt in ... more

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Instructions ; Behavioral skills training [BST] ... more

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Instruction ; Behavioral skills training [BST] ... more

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Modeling ; Modeling is a Behavioral Skills ... more

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Rehearsal ; The third step of Behavioral Skills ... more

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Feedback ; Feedback is the last step in Behavioral... more

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Positive outcome or reinforcement ; In behavioral ... more

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Similarity ; In behavioral skills training [BST], ... more

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Rehearse ; Rehearsal of the model's behavior ... more

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Credibility ; In Behavioral Skills Training [BST... more

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Immediately  ; Feedback is an important process in... more

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Behavioral Skills Training ; Behavioral skills ... more

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Instructions ; Instructions are guidelines that ... more

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Modeling ; Modeling is the demonstration of a ... more

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Rehearsal ; Rehearsal is one of the components of ... more

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Feedback ; Feedback is an important component of ... more

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Live ; In behavioral skills training [BST], ... more

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Generalization ; The generalization of a behavior ... more

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Rehearse ; A learned idea or action does not ... more

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Appreciation ; Behavioral skills training [BST] is... more

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Simulate ; The purpose of behavior skills training... more

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Telling the learner what to do ; Behavioral skills... more

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Showing the learner what to do ; Behavioral skill ... more

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Giving the learner an opportunity to practice the ... more

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Praise or other reinforcers for the right behavior... more

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Modeling ; Modeling involves physically ... more

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Rehearsal ; Behavioral rehearsal is a process that... more

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If the person exhibiting the correct behavior ... more

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Context ; Modeling is a behavioral skills training... more

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Feedback ; Behavior skills training [BST] is a ... more

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There are several strategies that promote ... more

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Functional assessment ; Functional assessment of ... more

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Every disruptive behavior has a consequence that ... more

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Functional assessment ; Functional assessment is ... more

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Functional analysis ; Functional or experimental ... more

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Functional assessment is a process through which ... more

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An indirect assessment of a problematic behavior ... more

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The direct assessment strategy is used in the ... more

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Functional analysis ; A functional relationship, ... more

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The following methods can be used to perform a ... more

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Antecedents ; An antecedent is any stimulus, event... more

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Antecedents ; A functional assessment is a process... more

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Automatic ; In automatic reinforcement, a person ... more

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Social negative ; Reinforcement refers to a ... more

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Indirect, direct observation, functional analysis... more

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The interval method is used for conducting direct ... more

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Direct observation- checklist method ; The direct ... more

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The descriptive method for conducting direct ... more

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Direct observation method ; The direct observation... more

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Automatic negative reinforcement  ; Automatic ... more

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Social positive reinforcement ; Social positive ... more

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Functional assessment ; Functional assessment is a... more

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Automatic negative reinforcement ; Reinforcement ... more

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Social positive reinforcement ; The main goal of ... more

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The indirect method of functional assessment ... more

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The direct observation method involves recording ... more

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Direct observation method ; In the direct ... more

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Experimental method [or functional analysis] ; ... more

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Automatic negative reinforcement ; Automatic ... more

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social negative  ; Social negative reinforcement ... more

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Indirect observation and direct observation ... more

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reinforcer ; The stimulus that follows the ... more

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positive reinforcement ; Positive reinforcement ... more

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negative reinforcement ; Negative reinforcement ... more

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functional assessment ; Functional assessment is ... more

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attention ; It is crucial to understand the kind ... more

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Escaping the task ; If a behavior is maintained by... more

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extinction burst ; Extinction burst refers to the ... more

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continuous ; Continuous reinforcement is the ... more

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intermittent ; Intermittent reinforcement is a ... more

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Reinforcement  ; While extinction technique is ... more

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Decrease and stop occurring ; Extinction is a ... more

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To use extinction, parents must remove the ... more

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To use extinction, the reinforcer that strengthens... more

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Extinction ; The key feature of the extinction ... more

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An extinction burst is a phenomenon that occurs ... more

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Stop ; Extinction is a process in behavioral ... more

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Intermittent reinforcement ; Intermittent or ... more

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Extinction should be carried out only in the ... more

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The following points must be considered while ... more

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Less ; The exhibition of undesirable behavior ... more

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Extinction ; Extinction is a procedure in behavior... more

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Automatic positive reinforcement ; Automatic ... more

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It would be important to stop the sound by padding... more

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For the extinction of inappropriate attention-... more

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Extinction of a negatively reinforced problematic ... more

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Extinction of self-stimulated injurious sensory ... more

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Extinction burst ; When a behavioral response is ... more

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Rapid ; Continuous reinforcement is a primary ... more

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Gradual ; A partial or intermittent schedule of ... more

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Generalization ; Behavior generalization is the ... more

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Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior... more

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Recognizing an event or experience that is ... more

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Intermittent reinforcement ; The goal of ... more

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Differential reinforcement of other behavior [DRO... more

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Differential reinforcement of other behavior [DRO... more

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Differential reinforcement of alternative ... more

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DRL can be implemented using the following method:... more

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In DRO [differential reinforcement of other ... more

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The differential reinforcement of alternative ... more

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Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior... more

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Differential reinforcement of other behaviour [DRO... more

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Whole interval ; Differential reinforcement of ... more

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Momentary ; In momentary DRO [differential ... more

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Full session ; Full session DRL is a type of DRL [... more

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Spaced-responding ; DRL [differential ... more

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Spaced-responding differential reinforcement of ... more

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DRI is a method that consists of weakening a ... more

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Differential reinforcement of other behavior [DRO... more

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Extinction  ; Functional intervention modifies the... more

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Discriminative stimulus  ; Discriminative stimulus... more

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A discriminative stimulus acts as a prompt for the... more

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Abolishing operations are defined as the ... more

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Abolishing operation refers to the elimination or ... more

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Negative punishment involves the removal of ... more

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Negative ; Negative punishment removes an ... more

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Differential reinforcement ; Differential ... more

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Aversive activities and aversive stimulation are ... more

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Restitution ; Restitution is an overcorrection ... more

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A person is required to engage in desirable ... more

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The guided compliance procedure uses physical ... more

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Application of aversive stimulation ; Aversive ... more

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Differential reinforcement ; While a punishment ... more

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Contingent exercise is a form of positive ... more

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Functional and non-aversive ; Functional and non-... more

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Response blocking  ; Response blocking is a ... more

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aversive activities ; Positive punishment is a ... more

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overcorrection ; Overcorrection is a technique ... more

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contingent exercise ; Contingency exercise is a ... more

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In behavior modification, physical restraint ... more

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Application ; Positive punishment refers to the ... more

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Natural contingency of reinforcement is a method ... more

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Generalization ; Generalization refers to a ... more

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Self-management ; Self-management is a strategy of... more

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Antecedent manipulation ; Antecedent manipulations... more

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Remove/eliminate ; Antecedent manipulations are ... more

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Social support ; Social support refers to ... more

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Reinforcer ; If a target behavior is desirable, it... more

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Reinforcer ; In self-management, if a target ... more

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In a behavioral contract, it works well to have a ... more

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Deficit ; Lower rates or absence of appropriate ... more

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Modifications in the environment to increase the ... more

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Behavioral contract ; In self-management strategy... more

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Short-circuiting the contingencies ; Short-... more

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Self-instruction is a technique used in self-... more

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Present or arrange ; Antecedent manipulation ... more

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Negatively reinforced ; A self-management program... more

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Increase ; In self-management, reinforcers are ... more

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Decrease ; In self-management, punishments are ... more

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Self-monitoring is likely to facilitate an ... more

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A habit behavior is a behavior that is exhibited ... more

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Habit disorder ; Behavior that occurs repetitively... more

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Body-focused repetitive behavior [BFRB] refers to ... more

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Competing response ; In the habit reversal ... more

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Tourette's disorder ; Tic disorder is a condition ... more

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A competing response is an alternative behavior ... more

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Regulated breathing ; Regulated breathing is a ... more

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The social support procedure is used to help a ... more

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Support from family and friends plays an important... more

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Younger children or people with intellectual ... more

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Hair pulling, head jerk movement ; A nervous habit... more

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Habit reversal procedure ; A habit reversal ... more

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Clenching the fists together ; Nail-biting is a ... more

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A habit reversal procedure helps prevent an ... more

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A habit behavior is a practice followed by an ... more

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Vocal tics ; Vocal tics are repetitive sounds or ... more

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Awareness training ; A habit reversal procedure is... more

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Incompatible behavior ; A habit reversal procedure... more

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Awareness training is the first step of the habit ... more

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Alternative behavior ; A competing response aims ... more

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Habit behaviors. ; Habit behavior refers to those ... more

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Throat clearing ; Vocal tic is a habit disorder ... more

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Stuttering is a habit disorder that is ... more

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Awareness training ; The habit reversal procedure ... more

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Competing response training ; Habit disorders are ... more

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Token economy [TE] ; Tokens are conditioned ... more

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Token ; Token economy aims to increase the ... more

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Backup reinforcers ; Token economy[TE] is a ... more

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A token economy is a technique used in behavior ... more

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Continuous ; A continuous schedule is a ... more

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Response cost ; A response cost [RC] is a ... more

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Response cost is a negative consequence that ... more

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A drawback of the token economy [TE] is that it is... more

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Token  ; In a token economy [TE], a token is ... more

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Backup reinforcer ; In a token economy, one ... more

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Tokens are collected in the token economy [TE] ... more

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Token economy ; In a token economy, a token is ... more

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In the mentioned scenario, the token being used is... more

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In a token economy, the token is given each time ... more

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Behavioral contract ; A behavioral contract is a ... more

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Target behavior ; Behavioral contract is a written... more

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Product ; In behavior modification, a permanent ... more

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A behavioral contract is a written agreement that ... more

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One-party contract ; One-party contract: In this ... more

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Quid pro quo ; The term “quid pro quo” signifies a... more

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Positive punishment is when an aversive outcome is... more

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Establishing operation ; Establishing operation ... more

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In behavior modification, a behavioral contract is... more

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Positive reinforcement ; A behavioral contract is ... more

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Direct observation ; A behavioral contract is a ... more

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A two-party behavioral contract is one that is ... more

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A quid pro quo behavioral contract is a two-party ... more

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One-party   ; In a one-party behavioral contract, ... more

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Negative reinforcement is the process through ... more

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Consequence ; A behavior contract identifies the ... more

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Positive punishment ; When an individual exhibits ... more

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Contract managerA contract manager helps the ... more

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Quid pro quo ; A quid pro quo contract is written ... more

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Parallel ; In a parallel contract, both parties ... more

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Quid pro quo refers to a two-party contract where ... more

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Respondent ; Respondent behavior refers to ... more

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Escape and avoidance ; Operant behaviors are ... more

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Autonomic nervous system[ANS] arousal is inclusive... more

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Conditioned stimulus ; The continuous association ... more

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Progressive muscle ; The progressive muscle ... more

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Behavioral ; Behavior relaxation training [BRT] ... more

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In-vivo ; In-vivo desensitization is a popular ... more

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Systematic ; Systematic desensitization is a ... more

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In vivo desensitization involves the existence and... more

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Flooding ; Flooding is an intervention that helps ... more

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Operant behaviors that are associated with a fear-... more

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Diaphragmatic breathing and Progressive muscle ... more

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Attention-focusing exercise ; Fear, worry, and ... more

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Fear hierarchy ; Fear hierarchy is an order of ... more

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During systematic desensitization, the client ... more

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Contact desensitization is the in vivo ... more

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Speaking in front of an audience ; A state of fear... more

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Negatively ; Reinforcement is a stimulus that ... more

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Relaxation training ; Anxiety is an emotion that ... more

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Under systematic desensitization, the following ... more

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In-vivo desensitization is a behavioral ... more

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Covert ; Behaviors can be overt or covert. The ... more

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Restructuring ; Cognitive restructuring is a ... more

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Distressing thoughts ; Cognitive restructuring is ... more

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More rational or accurate thoughts ; Cognitive ... more

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Cognitive ; Covert behaviors cannot be seen openly... more

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Motivating operation [MO] ; Cognitive behavior can... more

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restructuring ; Cognitive restructuring is a ... more

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Cognitive therapy ; Cognitive therapy is a ... more

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Self-instructional training ; Cognitive skills ... more

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Overgeneralization ; Cognitive therapy is a ... more

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More reinforcing activities ; Reinforcement refers... more

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Verbal ; Covert behaviors cannot be seen openly by... more

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Conditioned stimulus ; A conditioned stimulus [CS... more

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coping skills training ; Cognitive behavior ... more

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